Deep placement of fertilizers is a scientific fertilization method proposed in contrast to surface application or shallow placement.It is an important approach to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.Rice is one of the main food crops in China，and the technology of rice side deep fertilization is a new integrated technology of agricultural machinery，rice special fertilizer and supporting agronomy，which is a major innovation of fertilization technology.In this paper，the development of rice side deep fertilization technology，the research progress of rice side deep fertilization machinery and special fertilizer were reviewed and the effects of this technology on rice yield，paddy field environment，fertilizer utilization efficiency and economic benefit were summarized.Finally，the research direction and development trend of this field were prospected，in order to provide a basis for the sustainable application and popularization of rice side deep fertilization technology.