Soil nematodes occupy a central position in the soil food web and play an important role in promoting material cycling and energy flow. Phosphorus application and crop rotation，as common agricultural management practices，have ecological effects such as promoting plant growth and improving soil nutrients. Therefore，it is necessary to summarize and sort out the effects of both on the abundance and functional diversity of soil nematodes and their pathways. Through meta-analysis，the effects of phosphorus application and crop rotation on soil nematode abundance and functional diversity were studied，it was found that phosphorus application increased total nematode abundance and bacterial-feeding nematode abundance by altering soil organic carbon content，available phosphorus content and root length density. In contrast，crop rotation primarily enhanced organic matter content and microbial activity，thereby increased bacterial-feeding nematode abundance，fungi-feeding nematode abundance，nematode diversity，and enrichment indices.Additionally，it improved soil nematode structure indices by promoting root traits. The results of the study illustrated phosphorus fertilization and crop rotation influenced the abundance and functional diversity of soil nematodes by altering soil physicochemical properties，which might provide a theoretical basis for agricultural sustainability.