In order to investigate the effects of different carbon source inputs on soil respiration characteristics and yield of spring wheat，a long-term positioning experiment was conducted in Urumqi，Xinjiang.Eight typical treatments were set up，including CK，chemical fertilizer of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium(NPK)，NPK combined with organic fertilizer(NPKM)，1.5 times amount of NPKM(1.5NPKM)，organic fertilizer alone(M)，NPK combined with straw(NPKS)，straw alone(S)and abandoned field(CK0).The above treatments were monitored in situ by LI-COR 8200S soil intelligent measurement chamber，LI-7180 trace gas analyzer and Stevens HydraProbe soil moisture and temperature sensor.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil respiration rate (NCER) among different fertilization treatments，and NPKM treatment reached the maximum value at 12:00 in the whole day，and its average NCER value was the highest，which was 13.48 μmol·m-2·s-1.There were significant differences in the growth stages of spring wheat under different fertilization treatments，and the maximum NCER was in jointing stage.At maturity stage，the difference between NPK，CK0 and NPKS treatments was significant compared with CK，and the NCER value decreased by 3.11-6.18 μmol·m-2·s-1.Compared with CK treatment，the average NCER value of S treatment was lower，which decreased by 26.00%-38.00%.NCER increased with the increase of soil temperature and moisture，but not significantly positively related with soil organic carbon，total nitrogen，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium.Application of chemical fertilizer alone and addition of organic materials (organic fertilizer，straw) increased crop yield and biomass.In summary，NCER was affected by soil temperature and moisture，and NCER varied according to the growth period of spring wheat.Treatment of S reduced the NCER，and treatment with single application of chemical fertilizer and addition of organic materials (organic fertilizer，straw) increased crop yield and biomass.