The aimed to reveal the impact of land use patterns on soil moisture and soil structure characteristics. Four plots in a typical aeolian sandy soil area in Northeast China(Meilisi Daur，Qiqihar City)were selected，including the abandoned grassland，grazing-excluded grassland，artificial forest，and cultivated farmland. By monitoring and collecting soil samples from different soil layers，the differences in soil water storage and its seasonal variations，soil mechanical composition，soil aggregate composition，and its stability under different land use patterns were analyzed. The results indicated that regarding soil water storage in the 0-80 cm soil layer，the abandoned grassland(157.23-218.40 mm)significantly exceeded the grazing-excluded grassland，artificial forest，and cultivated farmland(42.28-148.55 mm). However，the seasonal variation in soil water storage was greater in grazing-excluded grassland(48.71%)，compared to that in cultivated farmland(34.31%)and abandoned grassland(32.87%)，and much greater than that in artificial forest(9.37%). In both the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers，the sand content in cultivated farmland was significantly higher than that in abandoned grassland，grazing-excluded grassland，and artificial forest，while its silt content was significantly lower than that in the other three land use patterns. In the 0-20 cm soil layer，the stability of soil aggregates in abandoned grassland(0.85 mm)was significantly lower than in grazing-excluded grassland，artificial forest，and cultivated farmland(0.99-1.01 mm). In the 20-40 cm soil layer，the stability of soil aggregates was in the order of artificial forest(0.97 mm)≥abandoned grassland(0.95 mm)and cultivated farmland(0.92 mm)≥grazing-excluded grassland(0.87 mm). Redundancy analysis revealed that the stability of the soil structure in the 0-20 cm layer was influenced not only by differences in aggregate composition under the four land use patterns but also by total phosphorus，silt content，and total porosity. In contrast，the stability of the soil structure in the 20-40 cm layer was mainly caused by aggregates of > 2 and 0.053～0.25 mm. In conclusion，abandonment significantly increased the soil profile water storage capacity in the aeolian sandy black soil area，but the seasonal variation in soil water storage was smaller in artificial forest. Cultivation accelerated the coarsening process of aeolian sandy black soil，resulting in a significant increase in sand content and a decrease in silt content compared to the other three land use patterns. The four land use patterns had different effects on the stability of soil structure in surface and subsurface layers；the differences in surface soil structure stability were partly due to differences in aggregate composition and partly due to the physical and chemical properties resulting from different land use patterns.