不同覆膜穴播对旱地胡麻水分利用特征及产量的调控效应
作者:
作者单位:

(1.甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070;2.中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430062;3.甘肃省榆中县农技推广中心,甘肃 兰州 730100)

作者简介:

陈军(1984-),助理研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事作物栽培及生理研究工作。E-mail: chenjun004@126.com;李胜克(1973-),本科,农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail:870437475@qq.com。陈军和李胜克共同为第一作者。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-23);甘肃省自然基金(23JRRA1793)。


Regulatory effects of different mulching and hole-planting practices on water utilization characteristics and yield in rainfed flax
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Affiliation:

(1.Biotechnology Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;2.Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan Hubei 430062;3.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yuzhong County,Gansu Province,Lanzhou Gansu 730100)

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    摘要:

    为评价不同覆膜穴播栽培模式对胡麻生长及水分利用的适应性,在甘肃省中部半干旱区开展露地穴播(CK)、全膜覆土穴播(T1)、多垄沟全膜穴播(T2)、残膜穴播(T3)4种穴播模式对胡麻水分利用特征及产量的调控效应的试验研究。结果表明,胡麻生育期内0~60 cm耕层土壤含水量垂直变化与种植方式、生育进程及降水情况密切相关,不同覆膜穴播下土壤水分的垂直分布表现出相似的趋势;3种覆膜穴播处理较露地穴播均能显著提高作物产量和水分利用效率,且以多垄沟全膜穴播最佳;3种覆膜穴播下胡麻的根系生长进程快于露地穴播,主要反映在胡麻根系的主根长、主根直径以及主根干重各指标上。随生育期的推进,胡麻根系的主根长、主根直径以及主根干重表现出T2>T1>T3>CK,且T1、T2、T3处理与CK间存在显著差异;胡麻产量、根系生长指标与环境、土壤水热间联系紧密,存在显著、极显著正相关;3种覆膜穴播模式较对照能显著增加株高、有效分茎数、有效分枝数、单株果数和单株产量,其中T1、T2和T3处理小区产量分别较CK增产38.8%、43.7%和24.8%;胡麻收获后0~100 cm土层土壤含水率随土壤深度的增加逐渐增加,3种覆膜穴播0~100 cm土层土壤含水率变化规律极为相似,存在两个交汇节点,即土壤水分向20和60 cm土层汇集;与CK相比,3种覆膜穴播不同土层土壤含水率均有所增加,分别在20、40、60、80、100 cm土层提高20.29%~23.61%、11.92%~26.08%、1.67%~4.76%、6.07%~14.16%、9.69%~17.78%。胡麻收获后覆膜穴播的200 cm土层储水总量较CK均显著降低,T1、T2和T3处理分别较CK降低11.17%、12.53%和4.26%,且存在显著差异,3种覆膜穴播的水分利用效率均高于CK,T1、T2和T3处理分别较CK提高41.63%、48.95%和29.71%,且差异显著。因此,甘肃省中部半干旱区多垄沟全膜穴播、全膜覆土穴播和残膜穴播均可作为胡麻适宜的覆膜栽培模式,可因地制宜进行选择。

    Abstract:

    To evaluate the adaptability of different mulching and hole-planting cultivation patterns on the growth and water utilization of flax,an experiment was conducted in the semi-arid region of central Gansu provence. Four planting patterns were conducted:open-field planting(CK),full-film mulching with soil covering(T1),multi-ridge and furrow full-film mulching(T2) and residual film mulching(T3),and their effects on the water use characteristics and yield of flax were assessed. The results showed that the vertical variation of soil moisture content in the 0-60 cm tillage layer during the growth period was closely related to planting patterns,growth processes and precipitation,and the vertical distribution of soil moisture under different mulching holes showed a similar trend. Compared with open burrow sowing,the three mulching and hole sowing treatments significantly improved crop yield and water use efficiency,and the effects of multi-ridge and full-film hole sowing treatment were the best. The root growth process of flax sown in the three mulching holes was faster than that in the open burrows,which was mainly reflected in the taproot length,taproot diameter and taproot dry weight of flax roots. With the advancement of growth period,the taproot length,taproot diameter and taproot dry weight of flax roots showed as T2>T1>T3>CK,and there were significant differences between T1,T2,T3 and CK treatments(P<0.05). There was a close correlation between flax root growth indexes and environment,soil water and heat,and there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation. Compared with CK,the three mulching and hole sowing modes significantly increased plant height,effective stem number,effective branch number,fruit number per plant and yield per plant,and the yield of T1,T2 and T3 treatments were increased by 38.8%,43.7% and 24.8%,respectively. After flax harvesting,the soil moisture content of the 0-100 cm soil layer was gradually increased with the increase of soil depth,and the variation law of soil moisture content of the three types of 0-100 cm soil layer was very similar,and there were two intersection nodes,that was,soil moisture pooled to the 20 and 60 cm soil layers. Compared with CK,the soil moisture content of different soil layers were increased by 20.29%-23.61% in 20 cm soil layer,11.92%-26.08% in 40 cm soil layer,1.67%-4.76% in 60 cm soil layer,6.07%-14.16% in 80 cm soil layer and 9.69%-17.78% in 100 cm soil layer. The total water storage of the 200 cm soil layer after flax harvesting was significantly lower than that of CK,and that in T1,T2 and T3 treatments were 11.17%,12.53% and 4.26% lower than CK,respectively,and there were significant differences(P<0.05),and the water use efficiency of the three types of mulching and hole sowing was higher than that of CK,which was 41.63%,48.95% and 29.71% for T1,T2 and T3 treatments,respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05). Therefore,it was considered that multi-ridge and furrow full-film hole sowing,full-film soil covering hole seeding and residual film mulching hole seeding could be used as suitable mulching cultivation modes for flax,which could be selected according to local conditions.

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陈军,叶春雷,王炜,孙夏玲,汪磊,李胜克.不同覆膜穴播对旱地胡麻水分利用特征及产量的调控效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(1):202-209.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14
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  • 录用日期:2024-07-21
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-03-21
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