This research was aimed to clarify the characteristics of rice fertilization under the rice-shrimp culture system in the Jianghan Plain of Hubei province and the differences between it and the conventional rice planting mode，to provide scientific guidance for the fertilization of the rice-shrimp culture system and to provide a theoretical basis for its promotion and sustainable development. Nine counties (cities and districts) with large-scale rice-shrimp culture systems were selected in the Jianghan Plain region of Hubei province，and two rice planting modes were used as research objects to investigate the types of fertilizers applied to rice under the two modes，the amount of nutrients，the period of fertilizer application，the fertilization method，and other information in the field. The results of the study showed that the main fertilizer varieties applied to rice in the rice-shrimp culture system in the Jianghan Plain were compound fertilizer and urea；the average amounts of N，P2O5 and K2O were 164.8，74.3 and 89.6 kg/hm²，respectively，which tended to be lower compared with that of conventional rice，but the variability was greater；the number of fertilizer applications was dominated by two times (one basal fertilizer and one supplementary fertilizer)，accounting for 81.7%, and the fertilization method was mainly artificial fertilization, accounting for 96.3%, which was not significantly different from coventional rice. The average rice yield was 7742.9 kg/hm²，which was 932.7 kg/hm² lower than that of the rice monoculture mode，with a decrease of 10.8%. The productivity of nitrogen，phosphorus, potassium fertilizers in the rice-shrimp culture system was 52.42，127.73, 102.53 kg/kg，respectively，increased by 17.24%，39.29%，9.54% compared with conventional rice. With the increase of fertilizer application，fertilizer bias productivity showed a decreasing trend in both models. It was recommended to further strengthen the research on nutrient balance in rice-shrimp aquaculture system to provide a basis for its sustainable development.