斗南和富士苹果对果面涂抹钙肥吸收的差异
作者:
作者单位:

(1.泰安市农业技术推广中心,山东 泰安 271000;2.农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室,山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司,山东 泰安 271600;3.南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏 南京 210095)

作者简介:

黄剑(1982-),硕士,高级农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料方面的技术研究及推广工作。E-mail:tanyjhj@163.com。

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基金项目:山东省重点研发计划中低产田土壤障碍消减及地力提升技术集成与示范(2021CXGC010804);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000103);泰安市科技创新发展项目高稳定性水溶肥技术创制及推广应用(2021NS089)。


Differences in absorption of applying calcium fertilizer between Tonami and Fuji apples
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(1.Taian Agro-tech Extension and Service Center,Taian Shandong 271000;2.Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science Tech. Co.,Ltd.,Taian Shandong 271600;3.College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095)

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    摘要:

    我国是世界上最大的苹果生产国,苹果产业在国民经济中占据重要地位;果实因缺钙造成的生理病害,严重影响了果实的品质,制约着我国苹果产业的健康发展。在幼果期或果实膨大期用毛刷将0.05%的44CaCl2分别涂覆于斗南和富士苹果表面,探究斗南和富士苹果对果面涂抹钙肥吸收的差异。研究发现,0.05%的44CaCl2果面处理对斗南和富士苹果果实纵径、横径、果型指数、体积、表面积、干重和鲜重均无显著影响。果面44Ca处理,被处理果实同果台枝的叶片中44Ca含量最高,果实次之,果台枝中44Ca含量最低;在苹果果实中,果皮中44Ca含量最高,果肉最低。幼果期果面44Ca处理,富士苹果果实(68.86%)对44Ca的吸收效率显著高于斗南果实(62.46%);随着果实生长,果实中44Ca的滞留率逐渐降低,膨大期果面44Ca处理,斗南和富士苹果44Ca的吸收效率分别为55.92%和60.34%。无论在幼果期还是膨大期,相较于斗南苹果,富士苹果对44Ca的吸收效率提高7.90%~10.25%。在幼果期,果实中44Ca含量及其总量与果实的体积和表面积呈正显著相关,在果实膨大期,果实中44Ca含量及其总量与果实的体积和表面积呈显著负相关。

    Abstract:

    China is the largest apple producer of the world,and the apple industry occupies an important position in the national economy.Physiological diseases of the fruit caused by calcium deficiency seriously affect the quality of the fruit and restrict the healthy development of the apple industry in China.At the fruitlet stage or fruit expansion stage,0.05% 44CaCl2 was applied to the surface of Tonami and Fuji fruits with a brush to explore the difference in absorption of calcium fertilizer between Tonami and Fuji apples.It was found that treatment with 44Ca at 0.05% had no significant effect on the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit type index,volume,surface area,dry weight and fresh weight of Tonami and Fuji fruits.After fruit surface was treated with 44Ca,the content of 44Ca in the leaves of the bourse shoots where the fruit was treated was the highest,followed by the fruit,and the content of 44Ca in the bourse shoot was the lowest.In apple fruit,the 44Ca content was the highest in the peel and the lowest in the flesh.The 44Ca uptake efficiency of Fuji(68.86%)fruit was significantly higher than that of Tonami(62.46%)when the fruit surface was treated with 44Ca at the fruitlet stage.With the fruit growth,the retention rate of 44Ca in the fruit gradually was decreased.The absorption efficiency of 44Ca on fruit surface at fruit expansion stage was 55.92% and 60.34% for Tonami and Fuji apples,respectively.Compared with Tonami apple,the absorption efficiency of 44Ca in Fuji apple was 7.90%-10.25% higher in fruitlet stage and expansion stage.At fruitlet stage,44Ca content and total 44Ca content were positively correlated with volume and surface area of fruit,while at fruit expansion stage,44Ca content and total 44Ca content were negatively correlated with volume and surface area of fruit.

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黄剑,靖吉越,郭新送,王三红,王海卫.斗南和富士苹果对果面涂抹钙肥吸收的差异[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(3):109-117.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-30
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  • 录用日期:2024-08-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-03
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