覆膜对西南紫土区黄瓜早春栽培土壤水热效应及产量的影响
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(南充市农业科学院,四川 南充 637000)

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何自涵(1994-),助理研究员,硕士,从事蔬菜育种及栽培技术研究。E-mail:hezihan2024@163.com。

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基金项目:四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1246);南充市应用基础研究项目(22YYJCYJ0018);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省蔬菜创新团队专项资金(sccxtd-2023-05)。


Effects of plastic film mulching on soil hydrothermal effect and yield of cucumber cultivated in early spring in purple soil area of Southwest China
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(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong Sichuan 637000)

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    摘要:

    探索覆膜方式对膜下土壤水热环境及黄瓜产量和效益的影响,解析覆膜促进作物增产机制,为早春黄瓜栽培技术增产潜力提供理论依据。2020和2021年设置大田试验,试验材料为地方黄瓜品种‘寸金子’,以裸地栽培为对照(CK),设置当地常用的单层黑膜(B)、单层白膜(W)、小拱棚(A)和优化双膜覆盖处理黑膜+小拱棚(BA)、白膜+小拱棚(WA)5种覆膜方式,测定黄瓜生育前期土壤温度、土壤含水率和作物形态、产量等指标,分析覆膜对土壤水分、温度与黄瓜产量、经济效益的影响。结果表明:覆膜能显著提高0~25 cm土层的平均土壤温度和有效积温,且双膜覆盖处理的增温效果明显优于单膜;与CK相比,双膜覆盖处理WA、BA的耕层土壤温度提高3.18~4.58℃,有效积温增加55.78%~64.94%。随着覆膜时间的推移,覆膜处理均能明显提高土壤含水率,BA处理的保水效果最佳。双膜覆盖处理能更好地促进早春黄瓜的生长,比CK增产197.95%~232.85%,比单膜覆盖的最高产量增产27.02%~41.90%,经济效益高达16.72万~22.11万元/hm2。由此可见,双膜覆盖处理可以通过改善西南紫土区的土壤水热条件,促进早春黄瓜旺盛生长,提高产量,增加经济效益,是适宜西南紫土区黄瓜早春栽培的高产高效模式。

    Abstract:

    The effects of mulching methods on the soil hydrothermal environment under mulching,cucumber yield and benefits were explored,to explain the mechanism of mulching on yield increase and provide the oretical basis for deeply exploring the yield increase potential of the early spring cucumber cultivation technique.A 2-year consecutive field experiments was conducted from 2020 to 2021.Using the bare field cultivation as control(CK),five types of plastic film mulching methods were adopted,including black film(B),white film(W),small arched shed(A),black film combined with small arched shed(BA)and white film combined with small arched shed(WA).Soil temperature,soil moisture content,crop morphology and yield were measured in the early growth stage of cucumber,and the effects of film mulching on soil moisture,temperature,cucumber yield and economic benefits were analyzed.The results showed that mulching significantly increased the average soil temperature and effective accumulated temperature of 0-25 cm soil layer,and the warming effect of double film mulching treatment was significantly better than that of single film.Compared with CK,the soil temperature of the tillage layer of WA and BA treatments was increased by 3.18-4.58℃,and the effective accumulated temperature increased by 55.78%-64.94%.With the going by of mulching time,the soil moisture content was significantly improved by mulching,and the water retention effect of BA treatment was the best.The double film mulching treatment could better promote the growth of cucumber in early spring,which increased the yield by 197.95%-232.85% and 27.02%-41.90% compared with CK and the highest yield of single film mulching,respectively,and the economic benefit was as high as 167200-221100 Yuan/hm2.In conclusion,double film mulching treatment could improve the soil hydrothermal conditions in the purple soil region of Southwest China,promote the vigorous growth of cucumber in early spring,increase the yield and increase the economic benefits,and was a high-yield and high-efficiency mode suitable for early spring cultivation of cucumber in the purple soil area of Southwest China.

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何自涵,蒲全明,雍磊,张婷,向承勇,杨鹏.覆膜对西南紫土区黄瓜早春栽培土壤水热效应及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(3):195-202.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-26
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  • 录用日期:2024-07-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-03
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