The accumulation of large amounts of coal gangue seriously affects the ecological environment of miningareas. Because of the fine particles and large surface area of fly ash，it is commonly mixed with coal gangue for reconstructing the soil in mining areas，but the release of nutrients is slow.Soil microorganisms are involved in the cycling of nutrient elements and respond rapidly to changes in the environment.Irrigating wood vinegar can promote the release of nutrients，but the effect on the microbial community is not clear yet.In this study，a substrate of coal gangue mixed with raw soil was added with 0%，10%，20% and 40%(CK，F10，F20，F40)of fly ash，and then irrigated with wood vinegar and distilled water，respectively.After 3 months of cultivation，the physicochemical properties of the substrate and microbial community characteristics were determined to investigate the effects of irrigating wood vinegar and adding fly ash on the microbial community of the substrate.The results showed:① Compared with irrigating distilled water，irrigating wood vinegar significantly increased the total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs)，total bacteria，total fungi，generalized bacteria，gram-positive bacteria，gram-negative bacteria，saprophytic fungi and anaerobic bacteria contents and fungi/bacteria(F/B)in the substrate，but decreased the content of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and actinomycetes.②The addition of fly ash significantly increased the total PLFAs，total bacteria，and total fungi content of the substrate；F/B was significantly increased in F20 and F40 treatments，while gram- positive/gram-negative bacteria were significantly lower in F10 treatment than F20 and F40 treatments；Saturated fatty acids/monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in F10 treatment than F20 and F40 treatments.③The effect of irrigating wood vinegar on the structure of the microbial community in substrate was greater than that of the fly ash addition.④The contents of water-soluble organic carbon，total nitrogen，total organic carbon and active oxidizable carbon in the substrate were the main driving factors influencing the structure of substrate microbial communities. In conclusion，irrigating wood vinegar and adding 10%-20% fly ash increased microbial biomass and improved microbial community structural characteristics，which were favorable to the quality ofcoal gangue and fly ash reconfigured soils.