Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a devastating disease of pine trees. At present，the main way to control the disease is to cut down the diseased wood，which also causes a large area of pine wood nematode disaster and bare surface. Therefore，in this study，three kinds of surface treatment measures，including grass-proof cloth mulching，biodegradable film mulching and soil conditioner polyacrylamide(PAM)，were used to compare the soil chemical properties and soil microbial characteristics of pine wood nematode disaster sites，so as to explore the difference of soil nutrient retention effect of different surface treatment measures on pine wood nematode disaster sites，and provide theoretical basis for soil fertility improvement and ecological restoration of pine wood nematode disaster sites. The results showed that the soil in the pine wood nematode disaster area showed an acidification trend，and the organic matter content decreased，while the 95% PAM treatment had the most significant mitigation effect on soil acidification and soil organic matter reduction. The pH of the 10-60 cm soil layer was decreased by 81.63%-95.24%，compared with the control. At the same time，the 95% PAM treatment had the best effect on the increase of available potassium，and the maximum increase was 116.05% of the control. The mitigation effect on the decrease of soil total nitrogen was the best in the 95% biodegradable film mulching treatment. At the same time，it significantly increased the available phosphorus content in the 20-60 cm soil layer，which was 208%-220% of the control. The content of soil bacteria，fungi，actinomycetes，arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the total amount of PLFA in the pine wood nematode disaster area under different surface treatment measures were increased as a whole. The 67% biodegradable film mulching had the best effect on the total amount of soil bacteria and PLFA after one year of treatment，which was 18.98% and 16.37% higher than that of the control，respectively. At the same time，the shannon index and evenness index were the highest，and the Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria and the fungi/bacteria were also better. In summary，the effect of different surface treatment measures on the improvement of soil chemical properties in the pine wood nematode disaster area from good to bad was the application of soil conditioner PAM，covering biodegradable film，and covering grass-proof cloth. Preferably，95% PAM treatment could be combined with 67% biodegradable film coverage to achieve better soil fertility improvement effects.