To explore the effects of three kinds of biofertilizers on the microenvironmental structure of the rhizosphere soil of Andrographis paniculata，an experiment was conducted with the Andrographis paniculata rhizosphere soil treating with high concentration photosynthesizing bacterial liquid fertilizer(GH)，oligosaccharides liquid fertilizer(GT)，Chlorella liquid fertilizer(XQ)，and clear water(CK)，respectively. The Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the ecological responses of the microorganisms and the community structure of Andrographis paniculata’s rhizosphere soil to the three different kinds of fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the total nitrogen content in each fertilization group were significantly increased(P<0.05)with the effect of XQ>GH>GT，especially the total nitrogen content was increased by 52.17% after the application of Chlorella fertilizer. The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content also showed a slight increase，with the effect of GT>XQ>GH. The application of photosynthetic bacteria fertilizer and oligosaccharide fertilizer both increased the content of available potassium in the soil，and the former reached a significant level(P<0.05). After the application of microbial fertilizer，the content of available phosphorus in the soil decreased to a certain extent，showing XQ>GT>GH，but did not reach a significant level. The results of redundancy analysis showed that among the inter-root soil nutrient factors of Andrographis paniculata，the available potassium and available phosphorus explained to a greater extent the variations in soil microbial community. The main dominant bacterial phyla detected in the rhizosphere soil samples of Andrographis paniculata in the treatments were Proteobacteria，Acidobacteriota and Bacteroidota，etc. The main dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The principal coordinate analysis showed that the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial community was significantly changed(P<0.05)due to the application of biofertilizer. The study showed that the application of biofertilizer could significantly affect the structure of the rhizosphere microbiota，reduce the ratio of fungal and bacterial OUT counts in the soil，increase soil fertility and promote the uptake of essential nutrients by plants. This study could provide a theoretical reference for the selection of suitable bacterial fertilizer and the construction of probiotic communities in Andrographis paniculata cultivation.