The effects of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium deficiency on the growth，nutrient absorption and distribution of rubber seedlings were analyzed，and the mechanism of rubber seedlings adapting to different nutrient deficiency was explored. Nutrient solution culture was used to analyze the differences in morphology，chlorophyll，biomass，root structure，nutrient absorption and distribution of rubber seedlings under different culture conditions，and four nutrient deficiency treatments were set up with total nutrient solution culture as the control. The deficiency of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium inhibited the growth of rubber seedlings to varying degrees，and the leaf，stem，root and total biomass per plant were significantly decreased，and the decrease of leaf biomass(29.1%-56.4%)was much higher than that of stem(12.6%-22.9%)and root system(5.5%-28.0%). Compared with the control，the total biomass of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium nutrient deficiency treatments decreased by 37.5%，24.6%，23.4% and 25.7%，respectively. The effect of different nutrient deficiency(except phosphorus)on root structural parameters of rubber seedlings was mainly to reduce the total root length by 10.4%-24.4%. The contents of chlorophyll a，b and a+b in rubber leaves were significantly reduced by nitrogen and magnesium deficiency，and chlorophyll a/b was increased. The deficiency of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium significantly reduced the content and accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium in all parts of rubber seedlings，and the reduction of nutrient content in stem(63.6%-73.4%)and root(63.8%-71.3%)was much greater than that in leaves(32.9%-55.8%). Nitrogen deficiency did not affect the distribution of nitrogen in each part of rubber seedlings，but significantly reduced the distribution ratio of phosphorus，potassium and magnesium in leaves. Phosphorus deficiency increased phosphorus allocation in leaves and decreased nitrogen allocation in roots. Potassium deficiency decreased the distribution of phosphorus and potassium in roots. Magnesium deficiency increased the distribution of magnesium in leaves and decreased the distribution of phosphorus，potassium and magnesium in roots. The deficiency of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium could inhibit the growth and nutrient absorption and distribution of rubber seedlings. Attention should be paid to the supplement of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and magnesium in the management of rubber seedlings.