The effects of different nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer formulations on the release of soil nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium were investigate，in order to provide a theoretical guidance basis for the efficient utilization and sustainable supply of soil nutrients in sloping arable soils in the upper reaches of the Chishui River. Based on the formula fertilization，the soil of sloping arable land in Chishui River Basin was taken as the research object，and five treatments， namely，control（CK），phosphorus-potassium（PK），nitrogen-potassium（NK），nitrogen-phosphorus（NP）and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium（NPK），were set up in indoor simulation tests to study the release patterns of soil available nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium and the effects on the release amounts in 90 days under the various treatments. The results showed that the release of soil available nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium under the five treatments showed a tendency of increasing and then stabilizing，and the release of ammonium nitrogen showed a tendency of decreasing and then stabilizing. Compared with the CK and the deficiency treatments，the application of NPK fertilizers could significantly increase the release rate and the release content of soil available nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium. Therefore，the application of NPK fertilizers could not only promote the release of soil nutrients，but also maintain and improve the soil nutrient content.