This study explored the effects of enclosure and grazing on soil characteristics of temperate grassland and mountain meadow in Xinjiang，and provided theoretical support for the rational utilization of grassland resources and the protection of grassland ecological environment. In 2018，the physicochemical properties of the soil under different utilization modes were dynamically monitored by combining field sampling and indoor analysis. The results showed that：（1）The soil moisture content of temperate grassland grazing was generally higher than that of enclosure. The soil moisture content of mountain meadows was generally higher than that of grazing. Grazing increased the bulk density of the topsoil in temperate steppe and mountain meadows，and decreased the soil pH of the topsoil.（2）Soil available nutrients under enclosure were lower than grazing in temperate grasslands，while it was the opposite in mountain meadows，except for the available nitrogen in topsoil； The total nutrient and nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents of enclosure，with the exception of total phosphorus，were higher than those of grazing.（3）Grazing made the relationship between total nutrient content and community biomass and pH of temperate grassland more closely and negatively correlated，and grazing made the relationship between total nutrient content and biodiversity index of mountain meadow more closely and positively correlated. This study also found that enclosure and grazing had different impacts on different grassland types，and they should be combined to promote the sustainable development of grassland ecology.