The contents and ecological sensitivities of soil bio-fertility factors in the rhizosphere soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis from different origins were analyzed to understand the distribution of comprehensive soil fertility in the production areas，with a view to providing a reference for the improvement of soil quality of F. taipaiensis. Twenty-one soil bio-fertility indicators， including soil microbial population，contents of coccidioidomycin-related soil proteins and soil enzyme activities，were measured，and the sensitivity index（SI）of different fertility indicators was calculated using the wild sample（WXY）soil of F. taipaiensis as a control，and the critical value of the weights of the indicators and the subordination function was used to calculate the comprehensive soil quality index（the biological index of fertility，BIF）was calculated based on the weights of each index and the critical value of the affiliation function to characterize the quality level of soil fertility. The results showed that the land use mode（artificial cultivation mode）had a significant（P＜0.05）effect on the microbial biomass，coccidioidomycin content， and soil enzyme activity of F. taipaiensis soils from different origins，showing different patterns of change. Compared with WXY soil， the microbial biomass of bacteria，fungi and actinomycetes were more sensitive to the response of land use changes. The results of principal component analysis showed that soil acid phosphatase，catalase，and total number of microorganisms could better reflect soil bio-fertility characteristics. Among the four bio-fertility classes delineated，the BIF was in the range of 0.447 to 0.710，with a mean value of 0.554，and the average soil quality comprehensive evaluation class was medium. The study showed that，within the time range of this study，the base of artificially cultivated F. taipaiensis was dominated by soils with three or four levels of fertility， and it was necessary to strengthen the soil nutrient management and reasonably apply soil beneficial microbial fungal fertilizers to enhance the level of comprehensive soil fertility，but its optimal recovery period was to be determined by further studies on indoor and outdoor cultivation.