In order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and promote the sustainable development of grape industry， an experiment with six treatments was conducted，which were no fertilizer control（CK），100% chemical fertilizer（C₁）， 100% organic fertilizer（O₁），100% organic fertilizer + microbial agent（O₁B），60% chemical fertilizer + 40% organic fertilizer（C_0.6O_0.4）and 60% chemical fertilizer + 40% organic fertilizer + microbial agent（C_0.6O_0.4B）. Compared with CK， the effects of different treatments on the growth，rhizosphere and root configuration of Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings seedlings were analyzed，in order to provide reference for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application and scientifically and efficiently fertilizing wine grapes. The results showed that the contents of available P，available K，available Ca，available Mg and available Zn in C_0.6O_0.4B treatment were the highest，which were increased by 47.05%，44.54%，9.98%，36.68% and 10.00%，respectively，compared with CK treatment，and by 16.90%，18.62%，10.05%，34.32% and 0.48% respectively，compared with C₁ treatment. The organic matter content of soil treated with O₁B and C_0.6O_0.4 was significantly increased by 29.82% and 58.82%，respectively，compared with that treated with organic fertilizer（O₁）. Compared with C_0.6O_0.4，C_0.6O_0.4B significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N，available P，available Ca，available Mg and available Fe in soil，indicating that the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and microbial agents could significantly increase the contents of organic matter and available nutrients in soil. After 120 days of treatment，compared with other treatments，C_0.6O_0.4B and O₁B treatments significantly increased the growth of shoots and the 5th intersection length，and C_0.6O_0.4B ＞ O₁B. Among all treatments，the total root length，total surface area，total volume，average diameter，number of root tips and number of branches of grape roots treated with C_0.6O_0.4B were the largest，followed by O₁B. The specific root length and specific root surface area of grape cutting seedlings treated with organic fertilizer combined with microbial agents（C_0.6O_0.4B and O₁B）were larger than those of other treatments，but the root tissue density was lower than those of other treatments. The number of catheters treated with CK was the least，and the number of catheters treated with C_0.6O_0.4B was the most，followed by O₁B. RDA analysis between soil nutrient content and root index showed that the changes of root configuration of Cabernet Sauvignon cutting seedlings were closely related to soil physical and chemical properties （content of available elements），which proved the potential of co-application of biological agents and organic fertilizers to promote root growth of cutting seedlings. A comprehensive comparison showed that applying organic fertilizer and microbial agent could effectively improve soil properties and improve grape growth，among which reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and microbial agent（C_0.6O_0.4B）had the most significant effect.