The application of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer（Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer）had entered stage of fertilization structure optimization and promotion integration. The effects of Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer on the uptake and utilization soil and fertilizers nutrients，and winter wheat yield and benefits were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for accurately formulating reasonable fertilization decisions. Taking winter wheat as the research object，the effects of no fertilization（CK），compound fertilizer（NPK）and compound fertilizer combined with Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer（NPKG）on soil physicochemical properties，yield and component indicators，nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P）and potassium（K），fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits were analyzed by multivariate statistics and analysis. Results showed that，compared with CK， the soil available N and available K of NPK significantly increased by 19.97%，17.50-20.72%，the plant content and absorption of total N，P and K increased by 8.85%-18.92%，21.81%-49.43%，respectively，and the grain number（GNH），yield and income increased by 14.41%，14.55% and 329 Yuan/hm² ，respectively. However，pH，crop index（CI），harvest index of grain（HIG）decreased or significantly decreased by 0.48%-3.06%，4.21%，2.13%-9.57%，respectively. Compared with NPK，NPKG increased significantly available K in the tillage soil by 21.32%，significantly increased the plant content of K by 7.80%，uptake of N，P and K by 5.45%-16.13%，yield and component indicators by 7.93%-11.35%，output（OP）by 1898 Yuan/hm² ，input（IP）and fertilizer output-to input ratio（FOIR）by 6.58% and 31.96%，respectively，increased significantly agronomic utilization efficiency and comprehensive fertilizer utilization efficiency by 31.50%-62.13%. Obviously，the application of compound fertilizer significantly increased soil productivity，plant nutrients，yield and economic benefits，but decreased soil pH， CI and HIG. On the basis of compound fertilizer，Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer was applied. The available K in the tillage layer，which was most significantly correlated with the improvement of each index of wheat，was significantly increased. Compared with AN and OP，the increase rate of available K，total K content and absorption in soil and plant was the highest，and then the total nutrient absorption of plant was significantly increased. It was helpful to significantly increase fertilizer use efficiency，the spike number （SNH）and GNH，further significantly increase yield and OP，and increase FOIR. It reflected the good soil productivity and economic and environmental benefits of Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer.