光叶紫花苕压青还田量对毕节烟区植烟土壤有机碳及烟叶产量与品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

1.南京农业大学农学院,江苏 南京 210095 ;2.贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州 毕节 551700 ;3.中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南 郑州 450001

作者简介:

黄树鹏(1999-),硕士研究生,研究方向为烟草栽培与土壤生态。E-mail:1428107239@qq.com。

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基金项目:

贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司重点研发项目(2023520500240161)


Effects of different Viciavillosa Rothvar green manure incorporation rates on soil organic carbon and tobacco leaf yield and quality in Bijie tobacco growing area
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 ;2.Bijie Branch ofGuizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Bijie Guizhou 551700 ;3.Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China NationalTobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou Henan 450001

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    摘要:

    探究贵州省毕节地区光叶紫花苕压青还田量对植烟土壤碳组分、烤烟生长以及烟叶品质的影响,为科学合理使用绿肥提供理论依据。试验采用裂区试验设计,设置绿肥 100% 还田(全量还田)、50% 还田(半量还田)和 0% 还田(不还田),研究不同有机肥施入水平下绿肥压青还田量对植烟土壤有机碳组分、烤烟农艺性状、不同部位烟叶品质和经济性状的影响。研究表明,在土壤有机碳及组分方面,添加有机肥显著增加土壤有机碳 4.71%;绿肥全量还田相较半量还田和不还田,有机碳含量分别增加 5.04% 和 12.03%,活性有机碳含量分别增加 20.03% 和 10.89%,惰性有机碳含量分别增加 6.94% 和 11.70%,可溶性有机碳含量分别增加 4.51% 和 15.93%,微生物量碳含量分别增加 1.41% 和 24.86%。在农艺性状方面,团棵期,有机肥施用相较于不施用,最大叶宽显著提高 8.40%;绿肥全量还田相较半量还田和不还田改善了各时期农艺性状,在团棵期株高显著提高 8.05% 和 10.49%,茎围显著提高 3.99% 和 7.68%,有效叶数显著提高 5.48% 和 4.32%,最大叶长显著提高 2.57% 和 4.99%;在打顶期,茎围分别显著提高 1.13% 和 1.66%,最大叶宽分别显著提高 5.03% 和 8.10%;在圆顶期,顶二叶宽分别增加 4.67% 和 9.32%、顶三叶长分别提高 3.32% 和 7.61%。烤后烟叶化学成分综合协调性及感官质量表现出绿肥全量还田>绿肥半量还田>绿肥不还田的趋势,即在绿肥全量还田处理下烟叶化学成分较协调且感官质量较高。在经济性状方面,相较于不施用有机肥,有机肥施用处理烟叶产量显著增加 17.22%,产值显著增加 20.18%,中上等烟比例显著增加 3.44%;绿肥全量还田相较半量还田和不还田产量显著增加 6.08% 和 11.55%,产值显著增加 7.13% 和 19.88%,中上等烟比例显著增加 1.75% 和 2.54%。相较于当地常规施肥方式添加有机肥且绿肥不还田(+O-GF0),添加有机肥且绿肥全量还田显著提高土壤有机碳 16.32%,活性有机碳 16.32%,惰性有机碳 11.15%,可溶性有机碳 11.31%,微生物生物量碳 141.15%,显著提高产量 4.57%,产值 23.36%。因此,在现有施肥制度基础上种植绿肥,进行全量压青还田有利于扩充土壤碳库进而改善毕节地区烤烟的生长状况、提高烟叶产量与化学协调性,是实现毕节地区烟叶可持续发展的有效途径。

    Abstract:

    This study aimed to explore the effects of different Vicia villosa Rothvar green manure incorporation rates on soil organic carbon,growth of tobacco plants,and leaf quality in the Bijie region,and provided a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational use of green manure. A split-plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of green manure incorporation under various organic fertilizer application rates on soil organic carbon,agronomic traits of tobacco plants,the quality of flue-cured leaves at different leaf positions,and economic attributes. The research showed that organic fertilizer application significantly increased soil organic carbon by 4.71%. Compared with half-rate and no green manure returning,the full-rate green manure returning increased organic carbon by 5.04% and 12.03%,active organic carbon by 20.03% and 10.89%,recalcitrant organic carbon by 6.94% and 11.70%,soluble organic carbon by 4.51% and 15.93%,and microbial biomass carbon by 1.41% and 24.86%,respectively. In terms of agronomic traits,at the resettling stage,compared with no application of organic fertilizer,the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the maximum leaf width by 8.40%. The full-rate green manure returning improved agronomic traits in each period compared with half-rate and no green manure returning. At the resettling stage,plant height was significantly increased by 8.05% and 10.49%,stem girth was significantly increased by 3.99% and 7.68%,effective leaf number was significantly increased by 5.48% and 4.32%,and maximum leaf length was significantly increased by 2.57% and 4.99%,respectively. At the topping stage,stem girth was significantly increased by 1.13% and 1.66%,and maximum leaf width was significantly increased by 5.03% and 8.10%,respectively. At the full doming stage,the width of the second leaf at the top was increased by 4.67% and 9.32%,and the length of the third leaf at the top was increased by 3.32% and 7.61%,respectively. The comprehensive coordination of chemical components and sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves showed a trend of full-rate green manure returning > half-rate green manure returning > no green manure returning. The chemical components of tobacco leaves were more coordinated and the sensory quality was higher under the treatment of full-rate green manure returning. In terms of economic traits,compared with no application of organic fertilizer,the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased tobacco leaf yield by 17.22%,output value by 20.18%,and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco by 3.44%. Compared with half-rate and no green manure returning,the full-rate green manure returning significantly increased yield by 6.08% and 11.55%,value-of-production by 7.13% and 19.88%,and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco by 1.75% and 2.54%respectively. Compared with the local conventional fertilization method of applying organic fertilizer but no green manure returning(+O-GF0),adding organic fertilizer with full-rate green manure returning significantly increased soil organic carbon by 16.32%,active organic carbon by 16.32%,recalcitrant organic carbon by 11.15%,soluble organic carbon by 11.31%,microbial biomass carbon by 141.15%,and significantly increased leaf yield by 4.57% and value-of-production by 23.36%. Therefore,planting green manure and carrying out full-rate green manure incorporation was beneficial to expand the soil organic carbon pool and further improved the growth status of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie area and increased tobacco leaf yield and chemical coordination,which was an effective way to realize the sustainable development of tobacco leaves in Bijie area.

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黄树鹏,郭沛新,李彩斌,翟振,梁太波,杨海水,曹廷茂,戴华鑫.光叶紫花苕压青还田量对毕节烟区植烟土壤有机碳及烟叶产量与品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(5):154-165.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19
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  • 录用日期:2024-10-09
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-07-16