不同叶色油菜对高温和干旱胁迫的响应
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广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室 / 韶关学院生物与农业学院,韶关市油菜新品种选育工程技术研究中心,广东 韶关 512005

作者简介:

李海渤(1973-),博士,教授,从事油菜、芥菜育种研究。E-mail:Lihai-bo@163.com。

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广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(210903164532210);韶关市科技计划项目(210730194532870);广东省科技计划项目(2023B0202010026);大学生创新创业训练项目(Sycxcy2024105)


Response of Brassica napus L. with different leaf colors to high temperature and drought stress
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratoryof Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region / College of Biology & Agriculture,Shaoguan New Rape Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Shaoguan University,ShaoguanGuangdong 512005

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    摘要:

    为掌握紫叶油菜对高温干旱胁迫的耐受能力,以及利用紫叶性状进行油菜杂种优势利用和干旱区油菜品种筛选利用提供理论参考,以油菜紫叶-绿叶近等基因系紫叶、浅紫叶、绿叶等 3 种油菜为对象,分析了其在高温干旱胁迫条件下不同时期(胁迫前对照、胁迫 3 d、胁迫 5 d、复水)土壤含水量(Swc)及 3 种油菜的气孔导度 (Gs)、胞间 CO2 浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)、鲜重(Fw)、叶片叶绿素(Chl)、相对含水量 (Rwc)、花青素(Ant)、丙二醛(MDA)、相对电导率(Rec)、超氧阴离子产生速率(Sagr)、脯氨酸(Pro)、 可溶性糖(Ss)含量的变化趋势及差异,结果发现:(1)3 种叶色油菜叶片的 Ci、Gs、Pn、Chlb 及 Chla+b 呈下降趋势,复水后上升;Tr 和 Rwc 在胁迫 3 d 后变化不大,胁迫 5 d 后迅速下降,复水后上升;Rec、Pro 含量则在高温干旱胁迫后(3、5 d)显著上升,复水后降低;MDA、Sagr、Ss 含量在胁迫 3 d 后变化不大、胁迫 5 d 后上升,复水后降低。紫叶、浅紫叶油菜的 Ant 含量均在胁迫 3 d 后下降,胁迫 5 d 后上升,复水后降低,绿叶油菜 Ant 含量无明显变化。(2)紫叶油菜的 Gs、Ci、Tr、Pn、Chla、Chlb、Chla+b、Fw、Rwc 和 Sagr 与浅紫叶、绿叶差异不显著,但其 Ant、MDA、Pro(仅胁迫 3、5 d 时)、Ss 含量显著高于浅紫叶、绿叶油菜(紫叶>浅紫叶>绿叶)。 (3)经隶属函数综合评价,各油菜抗旱性表现为紫叶>浅紫叶>绿叶(得分依次为 0.49、0.38、0.37)。因此,紫叶油菜的抗旱性高于浅紫叶、绿叶油菜,紫叶性状可以进行油菜杂种的优势利用。

    Abstract:

    The research aimed to understand the tolerance of purple leaf rapeseed to high temperature and drought stress, and to provide theoretical reference for utilizing purple leaf traits for the utilization of rapeseed hybrid vigor and the screening and utilization of rapeseed varieties in arid areas. Taking the rapeseed purple leaf-green leaf nearly isogenic lines(three types of rapeseed:purple leaf,light purple leaf,green leaf)as objects,this study analyzed the changes and differences in soil moisture content(Swc),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr), net photosynthetic rate(Pn),fresh weight(Fw),leaf chlorophyll(Chl),relative water content(Rwc),anthocyanin (Ant),malondialdehyde(MDA),relative conductivity(Rec),superoxide anion production rate(Sagr),proline(Pro), and soluble sugar(Ss)content of three types of rapeseed under high temperature and drought stress conditions at different stages(control,stress 3 days,stress 5 days,rehydration). The results showed that,(1)Ci,Gs,Pn,Chlb and Chla+b showed a decreasing trend,but increased after rehydration,Tr and Rwc showed little change after 3 days of stress, were rapidly decreased after 5 days of stress,and were increased after rehydration. Rec and Pro contents were significantly increased after high temperature and drought stress(3 days,5 days)and decreased after rehydration. MDA,Sagr,and Ss contents showed little change after 3 days of stress,increased after 5 days of stress,and decreased after rehydration. The Ant content of purple leaf and shallow purple leaf rapeseed was decreased after 3 days of stress,increased after 5 days of stress, and decreased after rehydration,while the Ant content of green leaf rapeseed showed no significant change.(2)The Gs, Ci,Tr,Pn,Chlb,Chla+b,Fw,Rwc,and Sagr of purple leaf rapeseed were not significantly different from those of light purple leaf and green leaf,but their Ant,MDA,Ss,and Pro(under stress for 3 and 5 days)contents were significantly higher than those of light purple leaf and green leaf rapeseed(purple leaf>light purple leaf>green leaf).(3)According to the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function,the drought resistance scores of rapeseed were as follows:purple leaves> light purple leaves>green leaves(the scores were 0.49,0.38,0.37,respectively). The drought resistance of purple leaf rapeseed was higher than that of light purple leaf and green leaf rapeseed. Therefore,the purple leaf trait could be used for the advantage utilization of rapeseed hybrids.

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李海渤,陈春蓉,郑依楠,许灿越,冯慧敏.不同叶色油菜对高温和干旱胁迫的响应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(5):211-221.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10
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  • 录用日期:2025-01-06
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-07-16