This study focused on the typical soil in the main production area of bayberry in Xianju county，a total of 209 soil samples were collected. Ten soil properties and nutrient indicators were measured for each sample，including pH value，organic matter，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，slow-release potassium，exchangeable magnesium，available molybdenum，available boron，and available zinc. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to analyze soil fertility. The results indicated that in the main production area of bayberry in Xianju，6.70% of the orchard soils were rated as low quality，55.50% as lower medium quality，34.93% as medium quality，and 2.87% as upper medium quality，with no areas classified as high fertility. The production area faced significant soil acidification issues and nutrient imbalances. There was a scarcity of exchangeable magnesium，available molybdenum，and available boron nutrients，with available boron being particularly deficient. It was recommended to focus on increasing the application of magnesium，molybdenum，and boron fertilizers，while also appropriately supplementing soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，and soil organic matter. Additionally，using physiological alkaline fertilizers or conditioners such as quicklime could improve soil pH，alleviate soil acidification，enhance overall soil fertility，and optimize the soil environment needed for bayberry growth.