减施氮肥下绿肥配施生物炭对旱地土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响
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(1.山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西 晋中 030800;2.甘肃农业大学农学院,干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070;3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京 100081)

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李冉(1999-),在读硕士研究生,农业资源与环境专业。E-mail:3119968305@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132022013);绿肥种质资源安全保存(192308690);国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库运行服务(NCGRC-2023-19);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。


Effects of green manure combined with biochar under reducing nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emissions in dry land soil
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(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030800;2.College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China,Beijing 100081)

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    摘要:

    氮肥投入、绿肥利用、添加生物炭均影响土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)排放,研究3种措施联合对土壤N2O排放的调控效应,为探索降低旱地土壤N2O排放提供参考。采用室内培养试验,设常规施氮(N100)、翻压绿肥减施30%化肥氮(N70+CV)及其分别配施田菁炭(M1)、玉米炭(M2)、油菜炭(M3)、麦秆炭(M4)共6个处理,研究土壤化学性状、N2O排放量、硝化基因 (AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA)和反硝化基因(nirK、narG和nosZ)丰度。结果表明:相比N100处理,减氮及添加生物炭处理的N2O累积排放量降低31.2%~71.6%;相比N70+CV,M1、M2和M3处理的N2O累积排放量分别降低52.0%、43.5%和48.2%,M4处理增加16.6%。相比N100处理,N70+CV及配施M1、M2和M3处理的可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量增加52.5%~209.1%,可溶性有机氮(DON)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量分别降低97.0%~99.6%和97.7%~99.0%;N70+CV处理的pH降低0.03,4个生物炭处理的pH增加0.03~0.07。相比N70+CV处理,M1、M2和M3处理的DOC含量分别增加29.1%、26.1%和102.6%,M4处理的DOC含量降低22.2%,M2和M3处理的铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量分别降低53.2%和44.5%,M4处理的DON、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量均无显著变化,此外,4种生物炭处理的pH增加0.06~0.10。相比N100处理,N70+CV处理土壤硝化基因AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA丰度分别增加46.0%、388.4%,反硝化基因nirK、narG和nosZ丰度增加203.7%~452.4%,(nirK+narG)/nosZ比值降低25.4%;相比N70+CV处理,M1、M2和M3处理的AOA-amoA丰度分别降低33.4%、33.1%和57.2%,4个生物炭处理的AOB-amoA丰度降低34.4%~92.9%。反硝化基因表现不一致,但(nirK+narG)/nosZ的比值降低16.0%~62.3%。回归及相关性分析表明,(nirK+narG)/nosZ的比值与N2O排放以及土壤NO3--N和DON含量呈正相关,与DOC含量呈负相关。综上,相比常规施氮处理,绿肥替代30%化肥氮处理降低了土壤N2O排放,配施田菁炭、玉米炭和油菜炭能进一步加强N2O的减排效应;其主要原因是通过调控土壤活性碳、氮含量,增强土壤反硝化过程。

    Abstract:

    Nitrogen fertilizer application,utilization of green manure,and addition of biochar could influence soil nitrous oxide(N2O)emission,this study investigated the impact of the application of their combination on dry land soil N2O emission,providing theoretical support for exploring effective practice to control soil N2O emission.An incubation experiment was conducted,including conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N100),incorporation of green manure together with 30% chemical N reduced (N70+CV) and its combinations with different kinds of biochar made from sesbania straw (M1),maize straw(M2),rape straw(M3)and wheat straw(M4),respectively.Soil chemical properties,N2O emission flux,nitrification genes(AOA-amoA,AOB-amoA)and denitrification genes(nirK,narG,and nosZ)abundances were measured.Results showed that,compared with N100 treatment,the N2O cumulative emission reduced by 31.2%-71.6% in the N70+CV and the four biochar treatments;Compared with N70+CV treatment,the N2O cumulative emission reduced by 52.0%,43.5%,and 48.2% in M1,M2,and M3 treatments,respectively,the increased by 16.6% in M4 treatment.Compared with N100 treatment,the N70+CV and M1,M2,and M3 treatments increased the content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)by 52.5%-209.1%,while the content of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)decreased by 97.0%-99.6% and 97.7%-99.0%,respectively;The pH in N70+CV treatment reduced by 0.03 and the four biochar treatments increased by 0.03-0.07.Compared with N70+CV treatment,the DOC content in M1,M2,and M3 increased by 29.1%,26.1%,and 102.6%,respectively,while the the DOC content in M4 treatment decreased by 22.2%,the ammonium nitrogen content(NH4+-N)in M2 and M3 reduced by 53.2% and 44.5%,respectively,treatment M4 showed no significance in DON,NH4+-N,and NO3--N contents.The pH in the four biochar treatments increased by 0.06 to 0.10.Compared with N100 treatment,N70+CV treatment increased the abundances of soil nitrification genes(AOA-amoA、AOB-amoA)by 46.0% and 388.4%,respectively,and increased the abundances of denitrification genes(nirK,narG,and nosZ)by 203.7%-452.4%,while decreased the ratio of(nirK +narG)/nosZ by 25.4%.Compared with those in N70+CV treatment,the abundance of AOA-amoA in the M1,M2,and M3 treatments was reduced by 33.4%,33.1%,and 57.2%,respectively;The abundances of AOB-amoA in the four biochar treatments reduced by 34.4% to 92.9%,the abundance of denitrification genes showed no obvious regularity,but the(nirK+narG)/nosZ ratio decreased by 16.0%-62.3%.Correlation analysis indicated that the(nirK+narG)/nosZ ratio showed significant positive correlations with soil N2O emission,soil NO3--N and DON contents,but showed a negative correlation with DOC content.This suggested that the combination treatments enhanced the contribution of denitrification in reducing N2O emission by altering the contents of soil labile carbon and nitrogen content.In short,compared to conventional nitrogen fertilization,cutting 30% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen after incorporation of green manure could reduce soil N2O emission,and combined with biochar made from sesbania,maize,and rape could furtherly strengthen the N2O emission reduction ,the main reason was that it enhanced the soil denitrification process by regulating the content of labile carbon and nitrogen in the soil.

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李冉,张愉乐,葛环宇,刘蕊,曹卫东,常单娜.减施氮肥下绿肥配施生物炭对旱地土壤氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料123,2025,(6):57-65

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08
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  • 录用日期:2024-12-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-08-14
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