In order to analyse the effect of multiple cropping forage on soil microbial community composition and enzyme activity，this study used 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to analyse the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in multiple cropping forage soil，as well as soil enzyme activity. The results showed that:(1)The microbial diversity in the soil of multiple cropping forage was different，and the microbial diversity increased during the replanting of pea with the presence of soil endophytes in common synergism，and the Alpha diversity index showed that the Observed species index，Simpson index，Shannon index and Chao1 index of the microbial community in the soil were higher than those of the soil of multiple cropping oat and recreational land. The indexes of microbial community in the soil were higher than those in the multiple cropping of oats and recreational land. (2)There were differences in the dominant bacteria and fungi in the soil of multiple cropping of forage grass. Heatmap analysis was used to analyze the genus level microbial communities in soil samples of different forage grasses. The results showed that after multiple cropping of peas，the abundance of bacteria such as Acidibacter，Subgroup-6，Gitt-GS-136 in the soil significantly increased，and the abundance of fungi such as Fusarium，Cylindrocarpon，Microdochium，Ophiosphaerella，Rhizopus，Lophiostoma，Actinomucor in the soil also significantly increased；(3)Multiple cropping of forage could affect enzyme activity related to soil nutrient cycling. After one growing season，with the passage of time，the activities of acid phosphatase，sucrase，and urease in the soil of multiple cropping forage showed an increasing trend；polyphenol oxidase showed a decreasing trend. When peas were replanted with Zangqing 2000，Zangqing 17，Xila 22，and 13-5171-7 as previous crops，soil urease activity increased by 13%，4%，9%，and 14%，respectively. At the same time，soil catalase activity increased by 4%，3%，6%，and 6%，respectively. In summary，intercropping forage had a certain impact on soil microbial diversity and enzyme activities.