The response of oil flax yield to different cultivation factors and optimize the cultivation measures of flax were explored. A six-factor five-level orthogonal rotatable combination design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen (X1)，phosphate (X2)，potassium (X3)，biological fertilizer (X4)，brassinolide (X5)，and herbicide (X6) on flax yield，and mathematical models between sesame yield and different cultivation factors were established. The dynamic relationship between sesame yield and multiple cultivation factors was explored using a multi-factor response surface analysis method. The results showed that the cultivation factors had a significant effect on flax yield. Yield increased with the increase of nitrogen，phosphate，K，biological fertilizer，brassinolide，and herbicide application，showing a general trend of first rising and then declining. In 2021，the effects of each factor on flax yield were ranked as follows:potassium fertilizer>biological fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer>brassinolide>nitrogen fertilizer>herbicide. The ranking of the ability to regulate flax yield was as follows:nitrogen fertilizer>brassinolide>potassium fertilizer>biological fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer>herbicide. In 2022，the effects of each factor on flax yield were ranked as follows:herbicide>biological fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>brassinolide>nitrogen fertilizer. The ranking of the ability to regulate flax yield was as follows:nitrogen fertilizer>brassinolide>potassium fertilizer>herbicide>biological fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer. The interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer with phosphorus fertilizer，nitrogen fertilizer with biological fertilizer，nitrogen fertilizer with herbicide，and biological fertilizer with brassinolide had a significant effect on flax yield. The ranking of the ability to regulate flax yield resulting from the interaction effects was as follows:interaction effect between nitrogen and phosphorus>interaction effect between nitrogen and biological fertilizer>interaction effect between nitrogen and herbicide>interaction effect between biological fertilizer and brassinolide. When the application amounts of nitrogen (N)，phosphate (P2O5)，potassium (K2O)，biological fertilizer，brassinolide and herbicide were 74.04 kg/hm²，55.92 kg/hm²，26.51 kg/hm²，874.58 kg/hm²，0.14 mg/L and 25.00 kg/hm²，respectively，the flax seed yield reached the highest. The predicted highest yields for the next two years were 2305.06 and 2278.00 kg/hm²，respectively. Therefore，nitrogen，brassinolide and potassium measures were adopted to be the main regulatory measures，and application of various fertilizers and management measures should be optimized to achieve the highest yield and the highest economic benefits in flax production.