A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the comprehensive effects of applying different doses of bio-organic fertilizers on cotton growth dynamics，soil nutrient status and soil enzyme activities in the soil of a long-term continuous cropping cotton field.Five treatments were set up in the experiment: no fertilizer(CK)，conventional fertilizer(nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer，CF)，and bio-organic fertilizer applied on the basis of conventional fertilizer at the rate of 10 g·kg-1(T1)，20 g·kg-1(T2) and 30 g·kg-1(T3)，respectively.The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer treatments significantly promoted the growth and development of cotton compared with CF treatment，enhanced cotton plant height，stem thickness，leaf SPAD at different periods，and promoted photosynthesis.Compared with CF treatment，seed cotton was yield increased by 42.02% and 36.93% in T1 and T2 treatments，respectively.Total root surface area，total root volume，number of root tips，root mass were increased by 14.62%，52.88%，16.55%，13.55% and 25.36%，23.48%，34.56%，7.10% in T1 and T2 treatments，respectively，compared with CF treatment.Compared with CK and CF treatments，the application of different doses of bio-organic fertilizers improved the soil physicochemical properties at all fertility stages，the organic matter content and available nutrients were increased with the increasing amount of bio-organic fertilizers，and the soil enzyme activities were also improved to different degrees.Comprehensively，the application of 10-20 g·kg-1 bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the best effect on cotton growth and soil environment optimization.It significantly improved the soil nutrient content and nutrient supplying capacity，and maintained a high level of chlorophyll content in cotton leaves；it promoted the plant growth and increased the seed cotton yield，and it has a better effect on reducing the continuous cropping obstacles and increasing the yield in Xinjiang.