As a leading agricultural nation，China possessed abundant crop straw resources. However，issues such as excessive surplus and low utilization rates of crop straw resources had become increasingly serious. Returning crop straw to the field was one of the simplest and quickest ways to address these problems，offering both ecological and economic benefits. Nevertheless，slow decomposition of crop straw after field return caused a large amount of straw accumulation，impacting the sowing and seedling emergence in the next season. Extensive research indicated that incorporating decomposers during crop straw return could significantly accelerate straw decomposition，enhance nutrient release，improve soil fertility conditions，and ultimately increase crop yield. Based on this，the current status of the application of putrescibles in the promotion of crop straw rotting in the field was summarized. Emphasis was placed on analyzing the effectiveness of decomposer application and its influencing factors. Additionally，future research directions for decomposers were discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support and research references for the efficient utilization of crop straw resources and the realization of sustainable agricultural development.