The study aimed to reveal the effects of different utilization methods of green manure on soil fertility improvement，and to provide technical support and theoretical basis for enhancing soil fertility and increasing economic returns in the eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai province. A randomized block design was adopted，and the experimental treatments included four types of green manure(arrow end pea-wheat)return methods，i.e.，green manure returned to the field totally(GM)，root stubble of green manure returned to the field(GR)，feeding sheep with the aboveground green manure and sprinkling sheep feces back to the field(GRS)，and no green manure planted as the control(CK). The samples were collected during the harvesting period to determine the nutrients，agronomic traits of the wheat，and soil fertility indexes.The results showed that，compared with CK，the wheat yield and nitrogen uptake in GR and GRS treatments were significant increased. The wheat yield and nitrogen uptake in GRS treatment were the highest，which were 3482.90 kg/hm² and 106.85 kg/hm²，respectively，with no significant difference compared to GR and GM treatments. Compared with CK，GM treatment significantly increased the number of grains in spikes by 55.62%，and its stem thickness and spike length reached the maximum value of 3.92 mm and 8.09 cm，respectively. The content of organic matter，total nitrogen and alkaline dissolved nitrogen of GR treatment was significantly increased by 20.66%，24.04%，and 12.62%，compared with that of CK. The contents of soil organic matter and available potassium in GM treatment were the highest，and there was no significant difference with GR and GRS treatments. All treatments with green manure returning increased the integrated fertility index of the soil by 10.01% 21.52%，with the GM treatment having the highest integrated fertility index value. The soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content of GM treatment increased significantly by 18.37% and 41.39%，respectively，compared with CK，and the microbial carbon and nitrogen ratios were all about 10，with the microbial community dominated by fungi. The net income of GM treatment was 8731.37 yuan/hm²，which was significantly increased by 303.14% compared with CK，and there was no significant difference between treatments. In summary，the effect of green manure full return treatment was the best，which could not only improve wheat yield and agronomic traits，but also fertilize the soil to enhance the comprehensive soil fertility，as well as improve the economic income of farmers.