To investigate the effects of organic fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizers and soil conditioners，as well as their application rates，on the growth，yield，quality，and rhizosphere soil of the medicinal plant Polygonatum sibiricum，field experiments were conducted in mountainous areas. Six treatments were set up: a control group with only organic fertilizer，organic fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizers，organic fertilizer combined with soil conditioners，and organic fertilizer combined with three different application rates of microbial fertilizers + soil conditioners. The study examined the effects of different fertilization treatments on the agronomic traits，biomass accumulation，medicinal components，yield，and rhizosphere soil nutrients of Polygonatum sibiricum. The results showed that the treatment groups with combined application of microbial fertilizers and soil conditioners outperformed the control group with only organic fertilizer. Combined fertilization promoted plant height，ground diameter，leaf area，and leaf number，effectively improved rhizosphere soil quality，increased rhizome biomass accumulation，with the highest dry weight of rhizomes increasing by 83.26%. The main active component，polysaccharides，increased by 4.86% to 24.49%，and the yield improved by 5.32%-29.39%.Comprehensive analysis indicated that adding microbial fertilizers and soil conditioners to organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer could effectively enhance the quality of Polygonatum sibiricum and increase planting profits. Among the treatments，the best comprehensive effect was achieved with an application rate of 37500 kg/hm² organic fertilizer combined with 1500 kg/hm² microbial fertilizers and 1200 kg/hm² soil conditioners.