钾肥与灌施黄腐酸钾对恩施地区‘云烟87’产质量的影响
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作者单位:

(1.湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北 武汉 430030;2.华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070;3.湖北省烟草公司襄阳分公司,湖北 襄阳 441000)

作者简介:

陈振国(1975-),高级农艺师,博士,主要从事烟草栽培及调制工作。E-mail:hbskys1@163.com。

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基金项目:湖北省烟草公司重点项目(2023KY3CGJSXJ1B004)。


Application of potassium fertilizer and fertigation of potassium fulvic acid on the yield and quality of ‘Yunyan 87’in Enshi area
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(1.Hubei Tobacco Research Institute,Wuhan Hubei 430030;2.Trace Element Research Centre,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070;3.Xiangyang Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company,Xiangyang Hubei 441000)

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    摘要:

    以往针对烟草黄腐酸钾施用效果的研究多以基施为主,且用量较大,同时取代了部分钾肥,但黄腐酸钾价格较高;当今工艺下的水溶性也越来越好,灌施成为一种经济高效的施用方式。因此,研究以‘云烟87’为试验材料,在恩施地区通过先确定钾肥用量,再探究灌施小剂量黄腐酸钾对烤烟外观质量、感官质量、化学指标和经济性状的影响。结果表明:钾肥用量(K2O)270 和405 kg/hm2 处理对烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比等化学性质和产值、中上等烟率等经济性状的提升作用均高于钾肥用量135 kg/hm2 处理,根据钾肥施用量与烤烟产值的一元二次效应方程,并结合烟叶化学成分,当地钾肥施用量每公顷提高45 kg 时可以取得更好的效果。相比钾肥用量315 kg/hm2 处理,配施15 或30 kg/hm2 黄腐酸钾可进一步改善烟叶内在化学成分的协调性,提升烟叶外观质量指数和感官质量,最终使烟叶的产值比常规施肥提升23%、中上等烟率提高1 个百分点。综合烟叶产质量,推荐恩施地区在钾肥用量315 kg/hm2 的基础上灌施25 kg/hm2 黄腐酸钾。

    Abstract:

    Previous studies on exploring the effect of potassium fulvic acid in tobacco were mainly based on basal application,and the dosage was large,which replaced part of the potassium fertilizer by the way.However,the price of potassium fulvic acid is high,and the water solubility under the current process is getting better and better,irrigation has become an economically efficient way of applying potassium fulvic acid.In this study,‘Yunyan 87’ was took as the test material,the amount of potassium fertilizer was determined and then the fertigation of low dosage potassium fulvic acid on the appearance quality,sensory quality,chemical indexes and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were explored in Enshi area.The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer(K2O)270 and 405 kg/hm2 treatments had higher effects on the chemical properties of tobacco leaves,such as sugar-alkali ratio,nitrogen-alkali ratio,potassium-chloride ratio,and economic traits such as output value,medium and upper tobacco rate than the 135 kg/hm2 treatment.The effect could be better when the local potassium fertilizer application rate increased by 45 kg/hm2 according to the one-dimensional quadratic effect equation of potassium fertilizer application rate and flue-cured tobacco output value,combined with the chemical composition of tobacco leaves.Compared with the 315 kg/hm2 polassium fertilizer treatment,the combined application of 15 or 30 kg/hm2 potassium fulvic acid improved the coordination of the intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves,improved the appearance quality index and sensory quality of tobacco leaves,and finally increased the output value of tobacco leaves by 23% and the rate of medium and upper grade tobacco by 1 percentage point,compared with conventional fertilization.Based on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves,it was recommended to fertigation 25 kg/hm2 potassium fulvic acid on the basis of the potassium fertilizer dosage of 315 kg/hm2 in Enshi area.

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陈振国,刘新伟,田辉文,孙敬国,孙光伟,杨艳华,冯吉,涂书新,史小婉.钾肥与灌施黄腐酸钾对恩施地区‘云烟87’产质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料123,2025,(8):217-223

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05
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  • 录用日期:2024-12-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-10-11
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