The construction of photovoltaic power stations in the deserts of Inner Mongolia can utilize solar energy resources and create economic value. However，the impact of photovoltaic power station construction on soil fertility remains unclear. Taking the photovoltaic power stations in arid areas as the research object，three vegetation restoration models of artificially planted Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica，Astragalus membranaceus，and Medicago sativa were set up，and the natural vegetation restoration model after the construction of the power station was used as the control treatment. Soil samples were collected from the vegetation growth areas between photovoltaic panels to study the response of soil aggregate composition，soil organic carbon(SOC)，total nitrogen(TN)，total phosphorus(TP)content and their stoichiometric characteristics to multi-year vegetation restoration，providing data support for improving soil fertility and formulating effective vegetation restoration measures in arid areas of photovoltaic power stations. The research results showed that the main size of soil aggregates in different vegetation restoration models was 0.053-0.25 mm，followed by >2 mm aggregates，and the soil of the power station was still in the process of transforming from micro-aggregates to macro-aggregates. The content of SOC，TN，and TP in <0.053 mm aggregates was the highest. Compared with natural vegetation，planting Astragalus membranaceus and Medicago sativa increased the content of SOC，TN and TP in soil aggregates. The content of SOC，TN and TP in soil aggregates of different restoration models was greater in the 0-20 cm soil layer than in the 20-40 cm soil layer. The C/N ratio of >2 mm aggregates in the Medicago sativa plot was 12.48，reaching the average level of China(10-12). Planting Medicago sativa showed more favorable conditions for organic matter accumulation and promoted the recovery of soil organic carbon. Planting Astragalus membranaceus improved the availability of phosphorus in soil macro-aggregates and had a better restoration effect. The N/P ratio in the study area was low，and the overall nitrogen level was low. Nitrogen was the main fertility-limiting factor of photovoltaic power station soil.