Alpine regions are characterized by low temperatures and nutrient-deficient soils，which severely limit plant growth and yield.This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of Bacillus licheniformis in combination with organic fertilizer on the growth characteristics，quality，yield of oat(Avena sativa)，and soil properties in high-altitude environments.Five concentration gradients of Bacillus licheniformis(DY1:3.75 kg·hm-2；DY2:7.50 kg·hm-2；DY3:11.25 kg·hm-2；DY4:15.00 kg·hm-2；DY5:18.75 kg·hm-2) were applied alongside a fixed amount of organic fertilizer (18000 kg·hm-2).A control group(CK)with no fertilization was also established.The study assessed parameters related to oat growth，quality，yield and soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that under the DY4 treatment, the growth and development of oats were significantly accelerated, with plant height, canopy cover, and root fresh weight increasing by 36.85%, 38.67% and 54.32%, respectively, compared to the control group. The SPAD value, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance in the DY4 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group; whereas flag leaf area, leaf fresh mass, and net photosynthetic rate reached their maximum values under the DY5 treatment. The DY4 treatment significantly increased the green forage yield and hay yield of oats, by 60.11% and 94.46%, respectively, compared to the control group, and the fresh-to-dry weight ratio was significantly reduced by 18.10%. Regarding forage quality, the DY4 treatment significantly increased crude protein and soluble sugar contents by 52.92% and 31.58%, respectively, compared to the control, and resulted in the lowest acid detergent fiber content among all treatments. Among the treatments, the DY5 treatment achieved the highest levels of crude fat and total digestible nutrients, with both forage nutritive value and quality being significantly higher than those of the control. Regarding soil properties, the DY4 treatment exhibited the highest soil organic carbon content, which increased by 28.78% compared to CK, and the lowest pH value, significantly reduced by 9.50% relative to CK. Under the DY5 treatment, total nitrogen content was the highest and electrical conductivity was the lowest, with no significant differences observed between DY5 and DY4 treatments. In conclusion，the combined application of Bacillus licheniformis and organic fertilizer significantly enhanced oat growth，yield and forage quality while improving soil physicochemical properties in alpine regions.Among the treatments，DY4 demonstrated the most effective performance.