The effects of different application years of food waste fermentation broth on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield were studied to provide scientific basis for the rational application of fermentation broth. The experiment was arranged in 2019，and 5 treatments were set up，including control，single application of chemical fertilizer and application of fermentation broth for 1 year，2 years and 3 years after application of chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the application of soil fermentation broth significantly improved soil fertility，and the effect of continuous application was better. Compared with the treatment without fermentation broth application，the soil organic matter content of fermentation broth application for 2 years and continuous application for 3 years increased by 21.45% and 43.24%，respectively. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer，the contents of total nitrogen，total phosphorus，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil treated with fermentation broth for 3 years were significantly increased by 31.43%，12.5%，27.56% and 239.07%，respectively. The application of fermentation broth for 3 consecutive years had no effect on soil total salt content. On the other hand，the application of food waste fermentation broth improved soil physical properties，reduced soil bulk density and improved soil water holding capacity. The above favorable conditions ultimately increased maize yield. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer，the yield of maize with fermentation broth in 3 consecutive years was significantly increased by 26.26%. Moreover，it was found that the continuous application of food waste fermentation broth had the best effect，and the yield-increasing effect decreased with the increase of years after the application was stopped. The results of path analysis showed that the application of fermentation broth mainly increased the yield of maize by increasing the content of available phosphorus and increasing the ear length of maize.