Industrial hemp is a cannabis variety with tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)content below 0.3%， its flowers and leaves contain cannabidiol(CBD)， which is widely used in the development of novel drugs，health products and the food industry. Increasing flower and leaf yield is a pressing challenge in the industrial hemp industry. Nanomaterials，due to their unique physicochemical properties，have demonstrated significant effects on promoting plant growth，nutrient absorption，and photosynthesis. To enhance flower and leaf yield in industrial hemp，this study investigated the effects of applying nanocellulose through targeted indoor and field experiments，providing a basis for the application of nanocellulose fertilizers. The results indicated the following:(1)Nanocellulose，when applied as a basal fertilizer，had a significant promoting effect on the germination of industrial hemp seeds，with an average increase of 17.33% in germination rate；(2)Foliar application of nanocellulose after flowering increased the cannabinoid content in flowers and leaves by 12.2%；(3)Combined application of nanocellulose and agricultural compound fertilizers effectively prolonged the release period of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium in the soil and enhanced the absorption and utilization efficiency of these elements by crops，and the combined application increased the yield of flowers and leaves by 15.6%，demonstrating a significant yield-increasing effect.