The phosphorus chemical industry was a pillar industry for the development of the national economy. In the traditional phosphorus chemical production process，a large amount of phosphorus tailings，yellow phosphorus slag，phosphogypsum，slag acid and raffinate acid were inevitably produced，making the country’s green development subject to serious challenges such as environmental pollution and waste of resources. In order to better realize the efficient utilization of by-product nutrient resources，this research systematically introduced the formation process of phosphorus chemical by-products，excavated the activation and utilization mechanism of by-products in agriculture，and focused on the technical approaches and research progress of total nutrient utilization. The application of phosphorus chemical by-products in agriculture was prospected in order to promote the cross-integration of industry and agriculture in China and promote the green and sustainable development of phosphorus chemical industry.