To address the issues of low yield and quality caused by unreasonable fertilization in the main production area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Chongqing，a two-year experiment was conductedin eight Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards with different fertility levels in Jiangjin district using the “3414” experimental design. During the fruit maturation period，yields were measured，and samples were collected to determine indicators such as the content of numbing substances，volatile oils，ethanol，and ether extracts. The cumulative degree of membership was calculated to derive a comprehensive quality value，which was then used to determine fruit grades and calculate income. By comparing the yield，quality，and income of deficient nutrient areas with the optimal fertilization treatments，relative yield，relative quality，and relative income nutrient indicators were established based on soil nutrient levels. A recommended fertilization index system was then developed and analyzed. The results indicated that the nutrient grading ranges for nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium determined by relative income were 60-165，12-70 ，and 110-390 kg·hm-2，respectively. These ranges showed increases of 42.22%，3.66%，30% and decreases of 2.22%，26.83%，32%，respectively，compared to those determined by relative yield and relative quality. The recommended nitrogen application amount based on relative income was 200-320 kg·hm-2，which differed significantly from the recommendations based on relative yield and quality，showing an increase of 28.4% and a decrease of 12.61%. The recommended phosphorus application amount based on relative income was 125-220 kg·hm-2，which showed little difference from the recommendations based on relative yield and quality，with increase of 4.55% and decrease of 6.76%. The recommended potassium application amount based on relative income was 110-200 kg·hm-2，which showed little difference compared to the recommendation based on relative yield，with an increase of 8.77%，but a significant decrease of 16.22% compared to the recommendation based on relative quality. The fertilization index system constructed based on relative income indicated a trend of increasing nitrogen application while slightly increasing phosphorus and potassium application，which could better meet the production goals of high quality and yield，maximizing economic benefits.