Maotai-flavor distiller’s grains are low carbon to nitrogen ratio raw materials，and the nitrogen loss during composting is relatively high and the composting cycle is long.In this study，Maotai-flavor distiller’s lees were used as the main material，and three treatments were set up，namely pure distiller’s lees (PL) as the control group，the addition of 5‰ compound microbial agent (PLM) and the addition of 5% biochar (PLB)，to explore the effects of exogenous additives on ammonia emission，nitrogen loss，composting cycle，composting efficiency and decomposition degree during aerobic composting.The results showed that PLM and PLB treatments entered the high temperature period (≥55℃) 1 and 2 days earlier than PL treatment，and the high temperature period lasted 12 and 13 days，respectively，which was 1-2 days longer than PL treatment.At biological zero temperatures of 10 and 15℃，PLB treatment shortened the composting cycle by 3.44-4.39 days，compared with PL treatment.Compared with PL treatment，PLM and PLB treatments improved the compost maturity.The pH value of PLB treatment changed little during the composting process and remained between 7.13-7.29 from the 12th d，which was conducive to microbial growth.Compared with PL treatment，the ratio of the final to initial carbon to nitrogen ratio of PLM and PLB treatment decreased below 0.7 in 6-12 days earlier，and the seed germination index reached more than 70%，reaching the standard parameters of maturation.At the end of composting，the increase of ammonium nitrogen content in PLM and PLB treatments was 10.4 and 23.38 percentage points less than that in PL treatment.The reduction ratio of nitrate nitrogen content was 3.33 and 5.95 percentage points less than that of PL treatment.The cumulative volatilization of ammonia decreased by 10.81% and 14.52%，respectively.The total nitrogen loss rate was 4.83 and 6.90 percentage points lower than that of PL treatment.The results showed that the nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization was significantly positively correlated with the accumulated temperature of compost.The two additives affected the temperature and accumulated temperature of compost by adjusting the organic carbon and carbon to nitrogen ratio in the pile，thus speeding up the process of heap decomposition and reducing the ammonia volatilization rate，accumulated volatilization amount of ammonia and nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization.