The study aimed to describe the soil profile characteristics，classify soil species accurately，analyze mean controlling factors of soil acidity and fertility，provide references of soil achievement from the third national soil survey. Based on the cinnamon soil area，the genus of mud-sandy soil were selected，four cultivated soil profiles were described to divide soil species，controlling factors of acidity and fertility characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that，the field observation features for identifying brown soil subcategories mainly included the disturbance of the plough layer，the process of clayification，the leaching and accumulation of calcium carbonate，and the main soil chemical indicators were pH，cation exchange capacity，and CaCO3 content. The soil types were classified using surface gravel content，soil body thickness，and soil texture configuration，and the key soil indicator for identification was particle composition. The correlation analysis results indicated that total nitrogen and silt content significantly affected the fertility indicators of brown soil，while CaCO3 and particle composition significantly affected the pH indicators of brown soil. In conclusion，different subcategories of brown soil should focus on different management measures based on soil type characteristics. The homogeneous clayey mud-sandy cinnamon soil(Sample 1)had a moderate texture but a large amount of gravel，and measures such as deep ploughing could be adopted for regulation. The homogeneous loam-clayey mud-sandy fluvo-aquic cinnamon soil(Sample 2)with good structure and porosity had a fast response to fertilizer but poor stability，and measures to retain fertilizer should be noted. The light gravel sandy-loam deep-layer mud-sandy cinnamon soil(Sample 3)with a thick layer was generally sandy，and water-saving irrigation and multiple small applications of water and fertilizer should be adopted for utilization.The deep sand ginger homogeneous clayey mud-sandy calcareous cinnamon soil(Sample 4)with a strong lime reaction throughout required attention to regulating the acid-base balance，and organic fertilizers can be used to improve soil structure.