植物生物刺激素对滴灌玉米生长和养分吸收效应的研究
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(石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003)

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文怡(1998-),硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养学。E-mail:18682622491@163.com。

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农业农村部科技项目(NK2022180801)。


Research on the effects of plant biostimulants on growth and nutrient uptake in drip-irrigated maize
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(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003)

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    摘要:

    研究几种常用的生物刺激素促进玉米养分吸收的效果,为玉米合理施肥及筛选高效肥料增效剂提供依据。设置盆栽试验,测试不同生物刺激素对玉米生长的作用,并对玉米的18 个指标进行综合评价。试验设不同生物刺激素及浓度共16 个处理:不施生物刺激素(CK)、矿物源腐植酸0.5%(M-HAL)、矿物源腐植酸1%(M-HAM)、矿物源腐植酸1.5%(M-HAH)、生化源腐植酸0.5%(B-HAL)、生化源腐植酸1%(B-HAM)、生化源腐植酸1.5%(B-HAH)、蚯蚓酶0.1%(EEL)、蚯蚓酶0.2%(EEM)、蚯蚓酶0.3%(EEH)、柠檬酸3%(CAL)、柠檬酸6%(CAM)、柠檬酸9%(CAH)、聚谷氨酸1%(PAL)、聚谷氨酸2%(PAM)、聚谷氨酸3%(PAH),每处理5 次重复,随机区组排列。生物刺激素处理对于土壤pH、电导率和有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量上并没有显著性差异,与CK 处理相比,生物刺激素处理下土壤有效磷、速效钾含量明显降低,表明生物刺激素能促进玉米对土壤养分的吸收。EEL 和PAL 处理对玉米根系生长具有明显的促进作用,其总根长、根总表面积、平均根系直径、根体积均比CK 处理显著增加,增幅分别为52.75%、57.41%、29.41%、55.39% 和42.56%、48.14%、21.57%、55.10%。生物刺激素处理促进玉米对矿物质营养的吸收,与CK 处理相比,单株玉米氮、磷、钾积累量明显增加。同时生物刺激素显著促进玉米生长,其中EEL、PAL 和B-HAL 处理显著增加了玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积、植株和根系的干物质量。施用生物刺激素能增强玉米对土壤养分的吸收,促进玉米根系与地上部生长,5 种生物刺激素相比,蚯蚓酶0.1%、聚谷氨酸1% 和生化源腐植酸0.5% 对玉米的促进作用较为显著。

    Abstract:

    The effects of several commonly used biostimulants on promoting nutrient uptake in maize were investigated,providing a basis for maize fertilization and fertilizer synergists. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different biostimulants on maize growth,and a comprehensive evaluation was performed based on 18 maize growth indicators.A total of 16 treatments with different types and concentrations of biostimulants were set up in the experiment,including the control group(CK),mineral-derived humic acid at 0.5%(M-HAL),mineral-derived humic acid at 1%(M-HAM),mineral-derived humic acid at 1.5%(M-HAH),biochemically-derived humic acid at 0.5%(B-HAL),biochemicallyderived humic acid at 1%(B-HAM),biochemically-derived humic acid at 1.5%(B-HAH),earthworm enzyme at 0.1%(EEL),earthworm enzyme at 0.2%(EEM),earthworm enzyme at 0.3%(EEH),citric acid at 3%(CAL),citric acid at 6%(CAM),citric acid at 9%(CAH),polyglutamic acid at 1%(PAL),polyglutamic acid at 2%(PAM),and polyglutamic acid at 3%(PAH). Each treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. No significant differences were observed among the biostimulant treatments in terms of soil pH,EC,organic matter,alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus,or available potassium. However,compared with CK,the biostimulant treatments significantly reduced the content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium,indicating enhanced nutrient uptake by maize. EEL and PAL tveatments notably promoted root growth,significantly increasing total root length,root surface area,average root diameter,and root volume by 52.75%,57.41%,29.41%,55.39% and 42.56%,48.14%,21.57%,55.10%,respectively. Biostimulant application also improved the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium per plant. Moreover,significant enhancements in plant growth parameters were observed,including plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,and dry biomass of both shoots and roots,particularly under the EEL,PAL,and B-HAL treatments. The application of bio-stimulants enhanced the absorption of soil nutrients by maize,thereby promoting the growth of both the maize roots and the above-ground parts of the plant. Among the five bio-stimulants tested,the treatments containing 0.1% earthworm enzyme,1% polyglutamic acid,and 0.5% bio-based humic acid had a more significant positive effect on the growth of maize.

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文怡,陈国永,杨昌南,张学智,李再欣,危常州.植物生物刺激素对滴灌玉米生长和养分吸收效应的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料123,2026,(6):211-220

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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18
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  • 录用日期:2025-12-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-08-18
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