As a vital strategic crop for national grain and oil security，China’s annual soybean output remains at only 20 million tons，which falls far short of meeting the rapidly growing domestic demand.Therefore，exploiting salinealkali land resources for soybean cultivation is critical to safeguarding national food security.This study investigated how furrow sowing and seeding density configurations regulated seedling emergence and growth processes in salinealkali soils，thereby decisively determining final yield outcomes.Soybean field trials were conducted on light to moderately saline-alkali soils，with treatments including furrow planting depth( 0，10，20 cm) and seed rate( 2，3，4 seeds per hole).Single-factor furrow planting trials and two-factor furrow planting × seed rate trials were conducted.Through one year of trials in two locations，soil profile water and salt dynamics，soybean germination rates，growth indicators，and yields were monitored to systematically evaluate the effects of different cultivation measures.Furrow seeding significantly improved the growth environment during the early growth stage of soybeans.Soil water storage capacity in the plow layer( 0-40 cm) increased by 6.9%，and electrical conductivity decreased significantly，promoting soybean plant height increase and biomass accumulation.This ultimately resulted in a 14.25% increase in biomass accumulation compared to the control，with the highest yield reaching 3750 kg·hm-2.However，continued water retention in the furrows during the later growth stage led to salt accumulation at the bottom of the furrows，partially inhibiting crop growth.Seeding rate configuration trial results showed that soybean seeding emergence rates increased by over 38% under furrow seeding conditions，with a significant improvement as seeding rates increased.Among these，the 4 seeds per hole treatment achieved a germination rate of 76.4% and a yield of 3525 kg·hm-2，performing optimally.The promoting effect of furrow sowing on soybean growth is most pronounced during the early growth stage. This not only coincides with the observed water storage and salt reduction over the same period, but more importantly, significantly increases the emergence rate, thereby playing a critical role in early biomass formation. In light to moderate saline alkali soils, a furrow depth of 10 cm combined with a sowing rate of 4 seeds per hole achieves the optimal results, effectively improving emergence, alleviating soil compaction, and ultimately leading to higher yields.