The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of kitchen waste compost on soil nitrogen (N) supply level, the yield of leaf vegetable, residual N in soil profile and N use efficiency (NUE) in peri-urban vegetable field. N-fertilizer treatment used as control. Under the condition of equal N, four treatments including the conventional chemical fertilizer (NPK), the conventional chemical fertilizer with Chicken manure (NPK+M), Aerobic kitchen waste compost with chemical fertilizer (NPK+FWA), and kitchen waste biogas residue with chemical fertilizer (NPK+FWD) were set up. The soil inorganic N dynamics in the whole leaf-vegetable season, the yield of vegetable, soil N residual in the profile and the apparent N losses were determined. The results of several vegetable seasons showed that: the overall soil inorganic N supply level of treatment NPK was higher than that of treatments NPK+M、NPK+FWA and NPK+FWD about a week after application of basal N fertilizer; After N topdressing, the soil inorganic nitrogen supply level of NPK+FWA was between NPK and NPK+M, while the soil inorganic nitrogen supply level of NPK+FWD was slightly lower than that of NPK and NPK+M; The four seasons total vegetable yields no significant difference among the NPK, NPK+M, NPK+FWA and NPK+FWD treatments, nevertheless, with the experiment going on, NPK+FWA and NPK+FWD treatments obviously increased yield by 20.1%～36.7% and 17.8%～26.4%, respectively, in comparison to NPK and NPK+M treatments. In terms of the soil profile inorganic N, the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by food waste composts could significantly reduce the residual inorganic N in the surface soil after harvest compared with the traditional single application of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined with chicken manure. The higher N input result in high to 895.8～1041.2 kg/hm2 apparent N loss in four vegetable seasons, and there was no significant difference among different treatments. The NUE of Pakchoi and Swamp cabbages in different treatments were only 9.9%～16.7% and 27.6%～37.6%, respectively, under the integrated effect of high N input and large apparent N loss; Based on the above analysis, under the equal amount of N, food waste compost N replacing 30% chemical N fertilizer has better role on coordinating soil inorganic N supply and vegetable N absorb, compared with the traditional single chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with chicken manure, hence, food waste compos partly replace chemical fertilizer treatment showed increasing trend with the experiment going on. Nevertheless, returning food waste composts to the field in rainy areas of southern China has a great risk of N loss, and low NUE. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study on the impact mechanism of returning food waste compost to the field on the integrated soil N loss and explore targeted emission reduction measures in future studies, so as to provide scientific guidance for safe and efficient utilization of food waste composts.