不同增效尿素配施对苹果生长、氮素利用率和土壤氮素供应能力的影响
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1.山东农业大学资源与环境学院;2.河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司;3.河南农业大学资源与环境学院

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山东省自然科学(ZR2024MC055);心连心氮肥高效利用创新平台开放课题(233053)。


Effects of different synergistic urea combinations on apple growth, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and soil nitrogen supply capacity
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1.College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Taian;2.Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co,Ltd,Henan Xinxiang;3.College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Henan Zhengzhou

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    摘要:

    为比较不同增效尿素配施对苹果生长的影响,筛选适宜苹果施用的增效氮肥施用方法,本文研究了不同增效尿素配施对苹果生长、产量、品质及土壤氮素供应能力的影响。试验共设5个处理:不施氮肥(CK)、农民常规施用普通尿素(U)、3∶7包膜控释掺混尿素(CU1)、3∶7包膜控释掺混尿素50%+追施普通尿素50%(CU2)、3∶7腐植酸掺混尿素50%+追施腐植酸尿素50%(FZU)。在山东栖霞市布设田间试验,供试品种为10 年生苹果红富士,分析了不同施肥处理对苹果生长、产量与品质、氮素利用率及土壤氮素供应能力的影响。结果表明,不同增效尿素配施可显著促进苹果春梢与秋梢生长,提高叶片SPAD值、苹果产量与品质,其中FZU处理较U处理的产量显著提高了9.07%,果实VC含量、可溶性固形物、固酸比和果形指数显著提高3.79%,11.80%,23.55%,4.60 %,CU2处理对春梢与秋梢的生长量的提高效果最明显。CU2处理可显著提高苹果各生育期的新梢氮素积累量及果实氮素积累量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用率,较U处理的上述指标分别显著提高5.94%~81.54%,42.79%,12.81%,62.89%和12.79%。FZU处理提高土壤NO3–-N和NH4+-N含量的效果最优。FZU处理显著提高剖面不同深度土壤的NH4+-N含量,降低60~80 cm深度土壤的NO3–-N含量,降低了NO3–-N的淋溶风险。3∶7腐植酸掺混尿素萌芽期施氮50%+膨果期腐植酸尿素追氮50%的处理可作为山东栖霞苹果的最佳施氮模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to compare the effects of different synergistic urea application on apple growth, and to screen suitable synergistic nitrogen fertilizer application methods for apples, this paper investigated the effects of different synergistic urea application on apple growth, yield, quality and soil nitrogen supply capacity. The experiment was set up with five treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), farmers routinely applying ordinary urea (U), 3:7 wrap-around controlled-release doped urea (CU1), 3:7 wrap-around controlled-release doped urea 50% + follow-up application of ordinary urea 50% (CU2), and 3:7 humic acid doped urea 50% + follow-up application of humic acid urea 50% (FZU). The field experiment was laid out in Qixia City, Shandong Province, and the test variety was 10-year-old apple red Fuji. The effects of different fertilization treatments on apple growth, yield and quality, nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen supply capacity were analyzed. The results showed that different synergistic urea treatments could significantly promote the growth of apple in spring and autumn, improve leaf SPAD value, apple yield and quality, in which the FZU treatment significantly increased the yield by 9.07% compared with the U treatment, and the fruit VC content, soluble solids, solid-acid ratio, and fruit shape index were significantly increased by 3.79%, 11.80%, 23.55%, and 4.60%, and the CU2 treatment significantly increased the yield and quality of apple in spring and autumn. The effect of CU2 treatment was most obvious on the improvement of spring and autumn growth.CU2 treatment significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation of new shoots and fruit nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity and nitrogen utilization of apple in all the reproductive periods, and the above indexes were significantly increased by 5.94%~81.54%, 42.79%, 12.81%, 62.89%, 12.79% compared with that of the U treatment, respectively. The FZU treatment had the best effect in increasing soil NO3--N and NH4+-N content. the FZU treatment significantly increased the NH4+-N content of soil at different depths of the profile, decreased the NO3--N content of soil at 60~80 cm depth, and reduced the risk of leaching of NO3--N. The treatment of 3:7 humic acid mixed with urea with 50% N application at budding stage + humic acid urea with 50% N chase at expansion stage can be used as the optimal N application pattern for apples in Shandong.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-12
  • 录用日期:2025-05-25
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